Pisa Galileo Galilei was born in February 15, 1564 by Vincenzo Galilei and Giulia Ammannati, both belonging to the middle class.
Vincenzo, born in Florence in 1520, former lutenist and former music teacher, had previously been in conflict with the classical tradition which attributed the harmony between all sounds the control of numerical proportions and proposed their own ideas about it.
was so well versed in mathematics, but, realizing the practical difficulties that the profession of mathematician had he pushed his son to study medicine just like their ancestors, that in the fifteenth century that Galileo Bonaiuti had distinguished himself in ' art exercise medical and in whose honor a branch of the family had taken the name of Galileo. Galileo completed his first studies of rhetoric, grammar and logic in the Benedictine monastery of Vallombrosa and joined the order as a novice.
The decision could only oppose Vincenzio, which, being in fact quite different plans for her son, she did return to Pisa and had it entered in Medicine. The courses of the faculty focused on Galen and Aristotle's natural science books, which are the main objects of criticism from the young Galileo, increasingly drawn from mathematics and philosophy and less productive as a medical student. In 1583 there was his meeting with hostility Ricci, a mathematician Tartaglia likely pupil. Ricci had joined the court of Tuscany and took his lessons in the vernacular, as it was written in the vernacular of the text on which Euclid based his courses.
the question was the translation that he had done the same Niccolo Tartaglia, who, unlike the Latin versions, had clarified the discrepancy between the theory of proportions of Eudoxus and the medieval arithmetic, a clarification is crucial for the formation of Galileo. His early investigations in physics led him between 83 and 86, to determine the specific gravity of bodies through a device called 'Bilancetta', similar to a tool already used by goldsmiths merchants. 88 also gave evidence of his erudition with lectures on Dante held at the Florentine Academy.
89, although he had not graduated, with esteem and reputation he had earned at certain fringes of academia, he obtained the chair of Mathematics at the University of Pisa, a job that assured him the financial independence from her father. In Pisa Galileo remained three years, during which he discovered the law of falling bodies. But the more peaceful and fruitful period of his life spent as a teacher of mathematics at the University of Padua, where he moved in 1592 and remained there for 18 years. Here he continued his studies of mechanics and astronomy, in which he embraced the Copernican theory.
From 1609 he began to improve and use the telescope as a tool for astronomical observations. The telescope was not invented by Galileo (Dutch and Italian craftsmen they had already taken several types), but the improvements that the scientist I brought inaugurated the era of the great astronomical discoveries, which gave the same ad in Galilei Starry Messenger ( Ragguaglio astronomical ) 1610. The four largest satellites of Jupiter, the mountains and craters of the moon, sunspots, were hitherto unknown phenomena which aroused wonder and admiration both in academia (Kepler recognized and confirmed the importance of the discoveries of Galileo ), but in a certain political environment (Cosimo de 'Medici made him a mathematical study of Pisa), but also resentment and stonewalling by the church hierarchy (especially Cardinal Bellarmine) and Aristotle.
In 1616 the Holy Office forbade the index and the Copernican cosmology. Galileo went to Rome to support his views, as harmless to the Bible, but could not and told not to profess more Copernican conceptions. Galileo, however, continued to deepen and broaden their studies and, in 1623, he composed in the vernacular Assayer, which criticizes the Jesuit Orazio Grassi on the nature of comets and methodological problems. Also in '23 became Pope Urban VIII, Barberini a stock that had proved against him, so that their former Cardinal, enlightened spirit and open to scientific discourse, Galileo had dedicated Assayer.
In 1632 he published his Dialogue Concerning the two Chief World Systems , a fundamental text for the modern science that Galileo, under a veneer of neutrality, underlined Copernican astronomy at the expense of Ptolemy. Urban VIII had an involution then (according to some sources discussed because of the influence of some Jesuit fathers) and, in 1633, Galileo was summoned to Rome, tried and sentenced to life imprisonment by the Inquisition. After the recantation of the Copernican theory, the life sentence was immediately commuted to house arrest, Galileo, which he served first in the palace of the ambassador of Tuscany, then Residence in Siena and finally in its villa at Arcetri.
died in Florence on January 8, 1642, surrounded by a few students and almost total blindness. Galileo Galilei was rehabilitated by Pope John Paul II in 1992, three hundred and fifty years after his death, but without the repeal of the sentence.
0 comments:
Post a Comment